Applicability of satellite wind maps derived from passive microwave, altimeter, scatterometer and imaging SAR technologies as tools for wind resources and wind-indexing.
Winds from satellites for offshore and coastal wind energy mapping and wind-indexing.
The SAT-WIND project runs in years 2004 and 2006 with funding from the Danish Technical Research Council (STVF) at the Danish Research Agency.
Background
Planning wind farms offshore are generally based on little knowledge of the wind speeds. It is due to the limited amount of offshore meteorological observations worldwide. This again has put a severe limitation to verification on offshore wind model results. Current practices on the modeling offshore winds therefore introduce significant uncertainties. For wind farm owners the wind power production may deviate from the prospected output and wind-indexing becomes a necessary tool in surveying on-going wind farm projects as well as in recommendations for new offshore wind farm initiatives.
Until now offshore wind observations from satellites have not been used for offshore wind energy purposes even though wind maps from various technologies such as passive microwave, altimeter, scatterometer and imaging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are available for more than one decade. The two major reasons for not using satellite winds within offshore wind energy are
- satellite wind mapping accuracy (absolute precision, mapping frequency, spatial scale)
- technological methodologies to tranfer satellite data to wind energy tools
For selection of the ‘right spots’ for planning offshore and coastal wind farms, just the relative offshore wind speeds would be of importance. In (pre)-feasibility studies where a large region typically is under investigation, a lower absolute accuracy on the wind estimate may be acceptable. The spatial wind variations mapped from satellites may be used for pointing out where to put up the relatively expensive offshore met-masts. In regard to wind-indexing continuous and frequent wind observations are necessary. This now can be provided by satellite wind observations.
Goal
The goal of the project is to verify the applicability of satellite wind maps derived from passive microwave, altimeter, scatterometer and imaging SAR technologies for wind energy tools for wind resources and wind-indexing.
Earth Observation data and study site
The satellite images under study are passive microwave data from SSM/I, scatterometer data from ERS-2 AMI Scat and Quikscat, altimeter data from TOPEX/Poseidon, and imaging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from ERS-2 SAR and ENVISAT ASAR covering the North Sea.
Participants
- Risø National Laboratory, Wind Energy Department Charlotte Bay Hasager (PI), Rebecca Barthelmie, Morten Nielsen, Merete Christiansen, Jørgen Højstrup, Poul Astrup,
- Energi- og Miljø data Per Nielsen
- Elsam Engineering: Paul Sørensen
Acknowledgements
Satellite scenes are kindly granted at research cost through the ESA EO-1356 project. Charlotte Bay Hasager is the PI
Rewied articles
1. Hasager, C.B.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M.; Pryor, S.C.. (2006), Quantifying offshore wind resources from satellite wind maps: Study area the North Sea. Wind Energy v. 9 p. 63-74
2. Christiansen, M.B.; Hasager, C.B.. (2006), Using airborne and satellite SAR for wake mapping offshore. Wind Energy v. 9 p. 437-455
3. Christiansen, M.B.; Koch, W.; Horstmann, J.; Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.. (2006), Wind resource assessment from C-band SAR. Remote Sens. Environ. v. 105 p. 68-81
4. Christiansen, M.B.; Hasager, C.B.. (2005), Wake effects of large offshore wind farms identified from satellite SAR. Remote Sens. Environ. v. 98 p. 251-268
5. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Astrup, P.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Dellwik, E.; Jensen, N.O.; Jørgensen, B.H.; Pryor, S.C.; Rathmann, O.; Furevik, B.R.. (2005), Offshore wind resource estimation from satellite SAR wind field maps. Wind Energy v. 8 p. 403-419
Other contributions
1. Hasager, C.B., Offshore wind resources from satellite (Invited Poster). 2007 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Milan (IT), 7-10 May 2007. Unpublished.
2. Hasager, C.B.; Astrup, P.; Nielsen, M.; Christiansen, M.B.; Badger, J.; Nielsen, P.; Sørensen, P.B.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Pryor, S.C.; Bergström, H., SAT-WIND project. Final report. Risø-R-1586(EN) (2007) 131 p.Full text version
3. Christiansen, M.B.; Hasager, C.B.; Monaldo, F., Offshore winds observed from space. Issues for planning of offshore wind farms. Windtech Int. (2006) 2 (no.5) , 6-9
4. Monaldo, F.M., Thompson, D.R., Winstead, N.S., Pichel, W.G., Clemente-Colón, P. and Christiansen, M.B. 2005 Ocean wind field mapping from Synthetic Aperture Radar and its application to research and applied problems. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest, vol. 26, no. 2., p. 102-113
5. Hasager, C.B., Christiansen, M.B., Nielsen, M. 2007 Offshore wind resources from satellite. In: Proceedings (online). 2007 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Milano (IT), 7-10 May 2007. (European Wind Energy Association, Brussels)Available at http://www.ewec2007proceedings.info/index2.php?searchin=0&what=1&searchtext=hasager&page=searchresult
6. Hasager, C.B.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M., SAR-based wind climatology for wind turbines. In: Abstracts (on CD-ROM). ENVISAT symposium, Montreux (CH), 23-27 Apr 2007. (European Space Agency, Paris, 2007) 1 p. Abstract available
7. Hasager, C.B., Christiansen, M.B., Nielsen, M., Astrup, P. 2007 SAR wind mapping. Proceedings of Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing II (RAQRS II), Torrent (ES), 25-29 Sep 2006. (Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, 2006) (4 pages in press)
8. Hasager, C.B., Astrup, P., Nielsen, P., Christiansen, M.B., Nielsen, M., 2007 Satellite ocean surface winds in offshore wind engineering. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly. Vienna (Austria), 16-20 April 2007, (abstract accepted, poster in prep.) http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/01605/EGU2007-J-01605.pdf
9. Hasager, C.B., Ahlstrom, M., Ranchin, T. van Hulle, F. 2007, Wind energy: user applications in remote sensing. IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2007), 23-27 July 2007, Valencia, Spain (abstract in review)
10. Hasager, C.B.; Astrup, P.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M.; Barthelmie, R.J. (2006), Wind resources and wind farm wake effects offshore observed from satellite. In: Proceedings (online). 2006 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Athens (GR), 27 Feb - 2 Mar 2006. (European Wind Energy Association, Brussels) 10 p.
11. Christiansen, M.B.; Hasager, C.B. (2006),, Wind energy applications of synthetic aperture radar. In: Combined preprints (CD-ROM). 86. AMS annual meeting, Atlanta, GA (US), 29 Jan - 2 Feb 2006. (American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA) 6 p.
12. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Christiansen, M.B (2006),., Satellite wind resource mapping: State-of-the-art on method and results. In: Offshore wind and other marine renewable energies in Mediterranean and European seas. Proceedings. OWEMES 2006. European seminar, Rome (IT), 20-22 Apr 2006. (ENEA, Roma) p. 69-75
13. Hasager, C.B.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M., SAR wind mapping. In: Abstract book. 2. International symposium on recent advances in quantitative remote sensing (RAQRS 2), Torrent (ES), 25-29 Sep 2006. (Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, 2006) p. 168-169
14. Hasager, C.B.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M., Wind climate in the Danish Seas observed from the Envisat satellite. EGU General Assembly 2006, Vienna (AT), 2-7 Apr 2006. Geophys. Res. Abstr. (CD-ROM) (2006) 8 (no.Abstr. EGU06-A-03132)
15. Christiansen, M.B.; Hasager, C.B., Wind farm wake mapping from SAR. In: Abstract book. SEASAR 2006 - Advances in SAR oceanography from ENVISAT and ERS missions, Rome (IT), 23-26 Jan 2006. (European Space Agency, Paris, 2006) 1 p
16. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Christiansen, M.B.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Astrup, P., Advances on wind energy resource mapping from SAR. In: Abstract book. SEASAR 2006 - Advances in SAR oceanography from ENVISAT and ERS missions, Rome (IT), 23-26 Jan 2006. (European Space Agency, Paris, 2006) 1 p.
17. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Astrup, P.; Christiansen, M.B.; Barthelmie, R.J., SAT-WIND: Mapping the offshore wind resources near Denmark using satellite observations. EGU General Assembly 2005, Vienna (AT), 24-29 Apr 2005. Geophys. Res. Abstr. (CD-ROM) (2005) 7
18. Hasager, C.B., 2007 Satellites in offshore wind energy: wind resources and wake analysis. European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Milano (IT), 7-10 May 2007. Special workshop: GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems) Wind Energy Satellite Workshop (oral in prep.)
19. Hasager, C.B.; Christiansen, M.B.; Astrup, P.; Nielsen, M., Satellite remote sensing in wind energy. 51. IEA topical expert meeting, IEA R&D wind task 11, Risø (DK), 23-24 Jan 2007. Unpublished
20. Hasager, C.B.; Christiansen, M.B.; Astrup, P.; Nielsen, M., Kartleggning av offshore vindforhold ved bruk av satellittobservasjoner. Vindkraft FoU seminar - vinn eller forsvinn?, Trondheim (NO), 25-26 Jan 2007. Unpublished. PowerPoint presentation available
21. Hasager, C.B. 2005 Ocean wind from satellites. VEA-seminar, Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde, 6 December 2005
22. Hasager, C. B. 2005. Use of Satellite Data. Course: Introduction to offshore wind resources, Risoe National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, 24 October 2005
23. Hasager, C.B., Remote sensing at Risø National Laboratory. EARSeL Newsl. (2005) (no.63) , 20
24. Nielsen, M.; Astrup, P.; Hasager, C.B.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Pryor, S.C., Satellite information for wind energy applications. Risø-R-1479(EN) (2004) 57 p.
25. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Astrup, P., Remote sensing for wind energy applications. In: Proceedings (CD-ROM). 31. International symposium on remote sensing of environment: Global monitoring for sustainability and security, St. Petersburg (RU), 20-24 Jun 2005. (Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre, St. Petersburg, 2005) 3 p.
26. Barthelmie, R.J.; Hasager, C.B.; Badger, J., Offshore wind resources. Off shore wind energy technologies seminar, Beijing (CN), 25 Apr 2005. Unpublished
27. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Astrup, P.; Christiansen, M.B.; Barthelmie, R.J., SAT-WIND: Mapping the offshore wind resources near Denmark using satellite observations. EGU General Assembly 2005, Vienna (AT), 24-29 Apr 2005. Geophys. Res. Abstr. (CD-ROM) (2005) 7
28. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Christiansen, M.B., Quantitative remote sensing: Horns Rev wind farm case study. In: Proceedings (CD-ROM). 2004 Envisat and ERS symposium, Salzburg (AT), 6-10 Sep 2004. (European Space Agency, Paris, 2005) 4P17-1 (6 p.)
29. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Christiansen, M.B., RWT tool: Offshore wind energy mapping from SAR. In: Proceedings (CD-ROM). 2004 Envisat and ERS symposium, Salzburg (AT), 6-10 Sep 2004. (European Space Agency, Paris, 2005) (SP-572) 2P14-2 (6 p.)
30. Hasager, C.B.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M.; Pryor, S.C., Quantifying offshore wind resources from satellite wind maps: Study area the North Sea. In: Scientific proceedings. 2004 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, London (GB), 22-25 Nov 2004. (European Wind Energy Association, London, 2004) p. 29-33
31. Hasager, C.B.; Barthelmie, R.J.; Christiansen, M.B.; Nielsen, M.; Pryor, S.C., Quantifying offshore wind resources from satellite wind maps: Study area the North Sea. In: Scientific proceedings. 2004 European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, London (GB), 22-25 Nov 2004. (European Wind Energy Association, London, 2004) p. 29-33
32. Hasager, C.B.; Christiansen, M.B. 2004 Coastal wind mapping from satellite SAR: possibilities and limitations. In: Fourth Study Conference on BALTEX. Conference Proceedings. Ed. Hans-Jürg Isemer. 24-28 May 2004, Gudhjem, Denmark, p 21-22. Paper available
33. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Christiansen, M.B., Quantitative remote sensing: Horns Rev wind farm case study. 2004 Envisat and ERS symposium, Salzburg (AT), 6-10 Sep 2004. Paper and poster available.
34. Hasager, C.B., Satellite SAR applied in offshore wind resource mapping: Possibilities and limitations. In: Abstracts (CD-ROM). 35. COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2004, Paris (FR), 18-25 Jul 2004. (CNES, Paris, 2004) Abstract and presentation available
35. Hasager, C.B.; Nielsen, M.; Pryor, S.C., Offshore wind resource assessment through satellite images. European Geosciences Union (EGU) First General Assembly 2004, Nice (FR), 25-30 Apr 2004. Geophys. Res. Abstr. (CD-ROM) (2004) 6 Abstract and presentation available
Completed